Structure and working principle of air compressor

  Air compressor is a common industrial equipment used to compress air into high-pressure gas for industrial production and other applications.Its structure and working principle are crucial for understanding the performance and usage of air compressors.This article will provide a detailed introduction to the structure and working principle of an air compressor.

  1、Structure of air compressor

  Air compressors usually consist of the following main components:

  1.Compressor:The compressor is the core component of an air compressor,used to compress air into high-pressure gas.Common types of compressors include piston compressors and screw compressors.A piston compressor compresses air through the up and down movement of the piston,while a screw compressor compresses air through the rotation of the screw.

  2.Drive device:The drive device is used to provide power to the compressor to operate normally.Common driving devices include electric motors and diesel engines.Electric motors are commonly used in air compressors in industrial production,while diesel engines are typically used in outdoor environments or situations without power supply.

  3.Cooling system:The cooling system is used to lower the temperature of the compressor to prevent overheating.Common cooling methods include water cooling and air cooling.The water-cooled system takes away heat through water circulation,while the air-cooled system exhausts hot air through a fan.

  4.Oil system:The oil system is used to lubricate and cool the moving parts of the compressor to reduce friction and wear.The oil system usually includes components such as fuel tank,oil pump,oil filter,and oil cooler.

  5.Control system:The control system is used to monitor and control the operating status of the air compressor.It usually includes devices such as pressure switches,temperature sensors,electronic controllers,etc.,which can achieve functions such as automatic start stop,pressure regulation,and fault diagnosis.

  2、Working principle of air compressor

  The working principle of an air compressor can be simply described as the following steps:

  1.Inhalation:When the compressor starts working,the piston or screw will move downwards to suck in air from the external environment.The suction valve will open,allowing air to enter the compression chamber.

  2.Compression:When the piston or screw moves upwards,the volume of the compression chamber decreases,compressing air into high-pressure gas.At the same time,the suction valve is closed to prevent air backflow.

  3.Exhaust:When the pressure in the compression chamber reaches the set value,the exhaust valve will open to discharge the compressed gas.After the exhaust valve is closed,the compressor begins the next cycle of suction and compression.

  4.Cooling:During the compression process,cooling is required due to the heat generated by air compression.The cooling system lowers the temperature of the compressor through water or air to maintain its normal operating temperature.

  5.Lubrication:The moving parts of the compressor require lubricating oil to reduce friction and wear.The oil system will deliver lubricating oil to key parts of the compressor while taking away heat to maintain oil performance.

  6.Control:The control system will monitor the operating status of the compressor,such as parameters such as pressure,temperature,and current.Based on the difference between the set value and the actual value,the control system can automatically adjust the operation of the compressor to maintain stable output pressure and energy-saving effect.

  3、Summary

  Air compressors are an important industrial equipment widely used in various industries.Understanding the structure and working principle of an air compressor is crucial for the correct use and maintenance of the compressor.This article introduces the main structural components of an air compressor,including the compressor,driving device,cooling system,oil system,and control system.At the same time,the working principle of the air compressor was described in detail,including steps such as suction,compression,exhaust,cooling,lubrication,and control.By understanding the structure and working principle of air compressors,users can better understand the performance characteristics of air compressors,improve their efficiency and safety.